Living Without Work: A Phenomenological Study of the Causes, Socioeconomic Effects, and Coping Mechanisms of Unemployed and Informal Workers of a Local Community

Abstract

The study sought to uncover the lived experiences of unemployed and informal workers in Barangay Capitan Bayong, Impasug-ong, Bukidnon, Philippines characterized by limited employment opportunities and livelihoods that depend on the seasons. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach; 15 unemployed residents were purposefully selected, and in-depth interviews were conducted with them. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis was used for analyzing data. Results indicated that factors affecting unemployment are complex and mutually reinforcing, including low education, skills mismatches, seasonal employment, job-seeking limitations due to financial difficulties, and limitations due to health status. Participants described that unemployment is not only about not earning a living, but also negatively impacting food security, children’s education, emotional health, family relations, and social involvement. In addition to the difficulties associated with unemployment, there were observations of social stigma, social exclusion, a loss of social trust, and household difficulties due to tensions. Even with these challenges, participants successfully cultivated alternative informal livelihoods, depended on family and community assistance, and made use of psychological and spiritual coping mechanisms. They learned to cope with economic adversity with the help of these adaptive reactions, keeping hope and dignity alive. This study indicates that rural unemployment is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by structural constraints, social conditions, and individual circumstances. Addressing this requires context-specific, embedded activities to build skills, create livelihood opportunities, strengthen available support systems, and foster inclusive community activities. These can improve employability, decrease vulnerability, and boost community resilience among jobless residents.