Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences (APJSBS) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published annually in both online and print formats. The journal is available with E-ISSN: 2599-4891 and P-ISSN: 1656-5207, ensuring wide accessibility for a global audience. Managed by Bukidnon State University and published through its University Press in Fortich St., Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines, the journal is committed to advancing knowledge in the fields of social and behavioral sciences. APJSBS is indexed in international databases and assigns Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) to all published articles, ensuring proper citation, discoverability, and enhanced accessibility. Formerly known as the BukSU Research Journal, APJSBS transitioned to online publishing in 2017 to expand its reach and impact in the academic community. The journal continues to uphold rigorous standards in publishing high-quality, impactful research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. You may explore the navigation bar for detailed information and journal policies.
Echoing the English Language Experiences of Multilingual Students in Formal and Informal Settings
The present study investigates the factors that influenced the English language learning/acquisition of nine multilingual university students who majored in English. Using the qualitative descriptive design and Sim’s categories of English language learning factors, the participants narrated their formal and informal English language experiences through a summative diary and informal interview. In general, the results show the same set of key categories that are found in previous studies i.e., motivation, beliefs, autonomy, anxiety, language learning strategies, and instructional materials, activities, and facilities. However, the collection of specific narrations paints a different picture of these multilingual participants’ English language learning experiences. Based on the results, recommendations are given to enhance the teaching and learning of English in multilingual and multicultural settings and the context of the present study. It is advised to use multilingual and multicultural approaches that assist English learning and acquisition both within and outside of the classroom.
Copyright (c) 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Admission Requirements and Academic Performance of Board vs Non-Board Course in Higher Education Institution
Higher Education Institutions require specific admission criteria to select the best candidates for a particular program. This study aims to assess the admission requirements and academic performance of the board and non-board course learners. Specifically, this quantitative study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. The data came from randomly selected third-year college students in the different Board and Non-Board programs enrolled in the academic year 2020-2021. There were 286 respondents who took part in the study, 153 from the board course program, Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education, and 133 from the non-board course program, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. The data revealed that the most number of enrollees in the non-board course, BSIT is from the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Strand, while most learners from the Board course, BSEE belong to the General Academic Strand (GAS). Further, findings showed that the High-school Grade Point Average and the College Academic Performance of students from the non-board course, BSIT, were moderately correlated, and a similar relationship is observed for the variables College Admission Test and GPA. Meanwhile, for the Board Course, BSEE, admission tests, and high-school GPA are predictors of college academic performance. On the other hand, high-school strands are not predictors of the BSEE student's GPA. In conclusion, the College admission tests and high-school GPA are essential admission requirements for the board and non-board programs to predict academic performance. However, the high-school strand can be a determining factor for the academic performance for the non-board course, but not for the board course.
Career Development and Job Placement Services in Higher Education Institution
Career and job placement services are vital services that higher education institutions provide for their students. These services lead to the institutions’ contribution to society’s human capital development by facilitating the development of employability competencies of its students. The study described the implementation of career development and job placement services of a state university in the Province of Bukidnon particularly the status of its performance and level of effectiveness and based on this information an intervention program to strengthen the services was proposed. A descriptive-qualitative research design using the annual accomplishment reports of the activities conducted for the past three years, 2017-2019, was utilized including a researcher-made questionnaire administered online through a Google form. Findings revealed that the career development and job placement services were implemented in the institution. The students were able to get career information, exploration, and direct experiences for job searching and job interview. They could reflect and make critical decisions on the career paths to take, considering their context and the labor demands. The students find the services very effective that calls for the sustainability of implementing the services in various platforms and formats.
Good Governance Principles in Decision-making of a State Higher Education Institution’s Governing Body
Good governance is related to good administration. There is fast organizational development with good governance because it generates reliability, predictability and accountability essential for any organization's success. This study determined the satisfaction of the stakeholders in terms of the good governance practices of the governing body and analyze the documents of the results of the different internal and external auditing bodies or measures. The study used descriptive-exploratory research where an instrument was developed to delve into the satisfaction level of the decision-making of the governing body. The research items were taken from the UNDP, Price (2018) and The Global Development Research Center's good governance principles. In addition, existing documents like results of the office performance commitment and review, customer feedback, AACCUP, ISO 9001, COD, PRIME-HR, finance, APCR, and stakeholder's satisfaction were analyzed. These data came from 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020 documents. Results show that the university has achieved most of its annual targets for the specific performance indicators for the seven Major Final Outputs which include Higher Education Program, Advanced Education Program, Research Program, Technical Advisory Extension Program, Support to Operations, General Administration and Support Services, and Good Governance Conditions. On the other hand, there are specific targets for FY 2018, FY 2019, and FY 2020 that were not met. The non-attainment of targets for these years resulted in the ineligibility of the university on the incentives in 2018, and the exclusion of major offices responsible for the non-attainment of the target on the incentives given in 2019.
Constructive Alignment of Higher Education Curricula: The Case of a Philippine State University
Constructive alignment is an approach to outcome-based education that involves examining curriculum, discipline, and/or course level initiatives. This research sought to assess the match among the institutional outcomes, program outcomes, performance indicators, assessment, evaluation methods, and standards in 20 undergraduate curricula. The researchers mainly used qualitative research methods like document analysis, curriculum mapping, and online focused group discussion. Findings revealed that there was a high alignment of the curricula in the university. This means that five out of six dimensions components were constructively aligned. During the focus group discussion, the participants underscored the significance of using the institution’s vision, mission, and goals as anchorage in crafting the institutional outcomes. Additionally, majority of the participants highlighted that they based their performance indicators on CHED’s policies, standards and guidelines. Regarding the participants’ experiences in aligning their performance indicators and assessment methods, the programs’ syllabi were valuable in determining their assessment methods for their performance indicators. One difficulty though was delineating between assessment and evaluation since both denote processes of learning measurement. However, while the former entails appraising a student’s level of performance, the latter involves gauging the degree to which outcomes are attained based on a set of standards. In terms of the outcomes’ relevance to 21st century learning, they were found to be relevant to most of the seven cluster competencies except for computing technology, which is given the least attention in higher education curricula. Since there is a high constructive curriculum alignment in the university, it is therefore concluded that the five elements of the curriculum, namely, the institutional outcomes (with the vision and mission as anchorage), program outcomes unique to a particular specialization, performance indicators, assessment, and standards are highly coherent except for the evaluation methods. It is recommended that evaluation method shall be continually calibrated to ensure its coherence with the other dimensions and that computing technology shall be mainstreamed in the curricula across all programs.
Outcomes-Based Curriculum Model for Bachelor of Science in Mathematics
This study analyzed the existing Bachelor of Science in Mathematics Curriculum of the Bukidnon State University. The analysis started with the review followed by the proposed revision considering the internal and external factors. Internal factors included the level of difficulty, teachers, and facilities. The external factors considered the employability of the graduates, salary, and upward mobility in the position. It formulated three possible curricula with ascending variations from the existing one. Using the Total Probability Theorem (TPT), it came up with a model considered to be the most feasible curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics. Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) and Outcomes- Based Education framework were used to revise the existing curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2016 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Agent- Based Model on the Potential of a Dipterocarp Forest Fire
This study assessed the extent of flammability potential of a dipterocarp forest area considering the parameters on tree density and the probability of spread of fire. Specifically, it aimed to establish a picture on the potential of a dipterocarp forest fire with varied tree densities and probability of spread. The study also aimed to determine if there is a significant effect of tree density and the probability of the spread of forest fire to the percent of area burned, and creates implications for the planning of the intervention strategies for the control and prevention of forest fire. The Fire Simple Extension 1 Netlogo model of the Agent- Based Modeling was used in this study. This simulation system gave information as to the flammability potential of a forest, a dipterocarp forest in this case, taking into account the influence of tree density and probability of spread. The findings of the study revealed that the percent of area burned is dependent on tree density and the probability of spread. On the other hand, the spread of fire has a greater influence on the percent of area burned than the density of trees. If the probability of spread is low, the percent of area burned is constant in both low and high dense areas. With a very low percentage of the spread of fire, the fire will have a negligible effect(less than 2%) on a particular area regardless of tree density. Setting the density lower than 55% in the slider will result in a very minimal destruction of the forest. Data also reveal that a less dense area will have a greater surface area burned compared to a high dense area considering a low spread of fire.
Population Growth versus Job Generation: Addressing Economic Disparity in the Philippines
Economic disparity, inequality, and poverty have been central when examining the challenges of employment generation, better quality of employment, and decent way of life. This study explores the possible dynamics from an economic perspective resulting from the job-seeking behaviour of the graduates and job generation. Changes in the characteristics of the work location areas shows a variation in the number of areas each job seeker looks at when choosing a place that optimizes the jobseeker's utility and the options of employment created in the country. The research paper utilized the NetLogo, a multi- agent programming language and modeling environment for simulating complex natural and social phenomena. Specifically, the Economic Disparity NetLogo Model simulates the Philippine context using the socio-economic status of the agents to determine how their preferences for choosing a location to live impacts on employment conditions. In the study, the work location area is affected by variations in the two factors, Factor A being the number of location each job seeker looks at when choosing a place that optimizes the jobseeker's utility, and Factor B being the number of places of employment created in the country. Four scenarios are simulated by the model when the two factors are set at low or high levels to determine the time for a job location to become saturated. The variation of the factors created four scenarios. Scenarios B and D with large job seeker population and more places of employment created took 28 years to reach job saturation point. Scenarios A and C with a small jobseeker population and few places of employment created took 11 years. In all scenarios, the saturation point reached 14 ticks.
Social Network Behaviours to Explain the Spread of Online Game
One of the most popular contents in the Internet nowadays is the game. An online game is a video game that is played through the Internet or another computer network. However, only a few studies were conducted on how online games became widely spread. This study aims to understand the underlying factors that led to the rapid spreading of online games through simulation. This could be a basis for game developers in choosing the right platform in order to infiltrate the most number of potential gamers. The factors namely the average online friends who access the network and the chances that lead to playing network games was simulated through a NetLogo software, an agent-based model, to understand the spread of online games. The results indicated that the average online friends who access the network (Degree) significantly affect the spread of online games. However, two caveats are needed to popularize the game. One way is to develop the game in a platform where social networks are already established like Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn and the like. Secondly, build an online social network on top of the digital games delivery platform such as Steam Community.
Simulating the Learning Method of Learners of English as a Second Language
Using the Language Change Model of Wilensky, this study predicted the most effective method in teaching English to second language learners (SLL). Using the parameters as set by the model, this study identified three teaching methods in teaching English to SLL: one-on-one interaction using the English language; group interaction using the English language; and the mixed method (the use of both one-on-one and group interactions, and learners encouraged to use the target language and their native tongue in the interactions). The generated data from the model were statistically treated using regression analysis. The results showed that one-on-one interaction using the English language and group interaction using the English language were the methods ESL learners could better learn the target language rather than through the mixed method. The results implied that a person can learn English without the facility of his/her first language, and that there are methods that are effective in the teaching of English. With the smorgasbord of strategies and methods in English language learning, there are methods that may cater to different kinds of learning. With the proper execution of the method, i.e., group interaction using English, learners can acquire a second language even without the facility of their first language.
The Role of University Faculty in Degree Program Sustainability: An Experienced-Based Framework
Faculty members play a crucial role in defining “quality education.” Sustainability has received increasing attention in the management of education over the past years. This study focused on the specific role of faculty in the sustainability of degree programs in a State University or College (SUC) and developed an experience-based framework. Hermeneutic phenomenological research design was used in this study. Findings show that the SUC faculty do not have a single role, but instead fulfill many roles that ensure the success of their students. The implementation of flexible teaching within a class dictates an adjustment of the faculty’s role. Such adjustment requires them to possess knowledge not just as educators but as versatile persons. Good teaching implies the preparation of many activities and performance of tasks to ensure that all learners receive quality instruction. Furthermore, it was found that the faculty could be a resource provider, instructional and curriculum specialist, project coordinator, and many other roles. It is concluded that the contribution of the faculty is the most critical success factor in an academic program’s sustainability and development.
This study examines the inflation rates of 215 countries in 2013. Researchers took the data from World Bank database, and fractal analysis was used to determine the hidden dimensions why countries have diverse inflation rates beyond the four identified factors. These factors are money supply, commodity prices, employment rate, and production capacity. The characteristic of inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices of goods and services increase. The result showed that there were countries that had extremely high or low inflation rates. Most of these countries that suffered extremely low inflation are in Africa, one in Europe and one in South America. World Bank established an ideal inflation rate of 2%. The majority of the countries in Europe, America and Asia, had stable inflation figures. Fractal analysis showed politics as the hidden dimension of the changes in inflation rates.
A Diffusion Model for Highly Fluctuating Phenomenon: Application to Global Hunger
Diffusion models are highly studied in physics but are seldom explored in social sciences. However, many social phenomena can be succinctly described in terms of sociological phenomenon such as imitation, cohesion, and group function, which are all characteristics of a diffusion model. In this paper, a diffusion model of the Fick’s type is proposed to describe the underlying behavior of hunger spread in different countries. Based on the global hunger indices of 69 countries from 2008, 2013, and 2018, the indices were decreasing from 2008 to 2013. However, towards 2018 the hunger indices rose. With the Fick’s type diffusion model of hunger, its spread in different countries seem to be irregular. As time passes the hunger indices will be distributed in a normal curve. With these results, hunger continually persists, even with the presence of anti-hunger interventions. The behavior of hunger incidence depends on the country’s living condition and environment. War, drought, and even diet may cause hunger. Sustaining the decrease of hunger indices of a country is a growing concern that every country faces nowadays.
Copyright (c) 2019 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development and Validation of Research Culture Index in the Academe
This study has developed and validated an instrument that has assessed the research culture of different academic institutions. The validation is done through Delphi method and underwent reliability test using Cronbach Alpha, yielding high-reliability result of 0.8 for two trials. The validated Research Culture Index (RCI) analyzes the synergistic interaction of the different dimensions of research competency, research process andresearch productivity. There were 535 respondents which include the administrators, researchers, and faculty members from six State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region X, who participated and validated the research instrument. The study revealed that amongthe three dimensions of the research culture index, research competency significantly influences the outcome of RCI in the academe as reflected by its high optimal weight. The three prime universities in Region X, namely, Mindanao State of Science and Technology, Bukidnon State University, and Central Mindanao University, have high research culture index. Demographic data further show that age has a significant bearing on dimension 1: research competency of the faculty, while the academic rank of the faculty has a significant effect on the two dimensions of research competency, and research process.
Copyright (c) 2017 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Determining Factors Contributory to Global Peace
This paper aimed at determining which of the Global Peace Index (GPI) indicators would significantly affect the internal and external peace of 162 countries. This was done by investigating the change of state from natural to normal. The data were obtained from the annual report of the GPI done by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) from 2008 to 2015. The result showed that the peacefulness of the countries can be attributed to the internal factors followed by the external factors. The deterioration of peacefulness can be first brought about by political instability. Various armed factions begin competing for influence in the power that lead to civil war. Violent crime, homicide rate, terrorist activities and the Political Terror Scale, followed substantially. To repress the population and fight the rebels, the government would increase the number of internal security officers, police, and army. Most of the external factors would also worsen because of these conflicts. Relations with neighboring countries would remain extremely tense. They would struggle to accommodate the flood of refugees. Interventions of United States (US) and other allied countries would have to take place.
Development and Validation of OBE-based Syllabus Evaluation Tool
This study describes the development and validation of an evaluation tool to measure the quality of OBE-based syllabi and its compliance to flexible learning. This tool made used a two-stage approach. In the development stage, the items were carefully generated based on the answers from the experts. The tool was then scrutinized and examined by validators to review the items including its content and language used. Thus, a 17-item evaluation tool was developed. In the validation stage, the tool was pilot tested on 49 respondents and found to have a good level of reliability. The results of the construct validity using EFA with 288 respondents from the HEIs faculties in the region showed that the scale has two factors. The performance criteria were composed of ten (10) items while there were seven (7) items in the teaching-learning process component. The findings concluded that interplay between performance criteria and teaching-learning process indicators can be used to ensure the quality of the flexible learning-compliant OBE-based syllabi. Thus, confirmation of the structure of the developed evaluation tool is highly recommended.
Pragmatic Study on Speech Acts in Bukidnon Rituals
This study attempted to present a pragmatic description of Bukidnon rituals, in particular, the speech acts, sequential organization and cultural norms of this indigenous discourse. The results indicated that the most frequently performed speech acts in Bukidnon rituals were directives and representatives. The former were attempts of the speaker (ritualists) to get the addressee(s) ( Supreme ruler,deities and/or participants of the ritual) to do something, i.e. to heed orders or grant requests. When issuing directives, Bukidnons are explicit and straightforward. They believe that the stronger the directive, the better are the chances for positive responses. Representatives were also prevalent specifically involving claims, affirmation, or declaration. Like other discourses, Bukidnon rituals were found to follow a distinct pattern beginning with Panawagtawag (call) or Pandalawit (invitation). The spiritual guardians, custodians, and the supreme God, Magbabaya were invoked to bless and guide the ritualists and the participants during the rituals. The invitation part (pandalawit) was followed by a series of requests interspersed with representatives specifically information, description and explanation. The prayers of requests were further reinforced with the offering and partaking (panampulot) of sacrificial animals. As a distinct form of religious discourse, rituals involve customary requirements expressive of the distinct ethnocultural identity of this speech community. It is through a pragmatic analysis of the speech acts that the readers are able to see ritual as an authentic communicative event.
Unwanted Teenage Pregnancies: Sociological Model Based on Agents
This study used new methodologies embedded in agent-based modeling to generate specific characteristic phenomena and core dynamics in unwanted teenage pregnancies. A NetLogo software was used to simulate data exhibiting the pattern of unwanted teenage pregnancy. The simulation revealed four agents contributing to the number of unwanted pregnancies: number of multiple partners, commitment, birth control method/s used and frequency of sex education. Among the four agents, the number of sexual partners significantly influenced the rate of unwanted pregnancies. However, commitment was not observed to be a contributory factor for the number of unwanted teenage pregnancies; rather it was more sensitive to the interactions among different agents. The Multiple Linear Regression model was generated from the interactions of the four predictor-variables and it illustrated prediction of unwanted teenage pregnancies in a given community.
Will State of Happiness Assure Global Peace?
Happiness has gone from being an abstract concept at the individual level to becoming one of the standards considered for quality of life and one of the ultimate goals of peacebuilding. While Global Peace Index (GPI) measures how peaceful nations are and World Happiness Index (WHI) measures how happy their citizens are, these two indices do not necessarily coincide in their results. This research sought to determine the commonalities between countries with high levels of happiness but are low in global state of peace. The values used were from published indices, namely, the World Happiness Report and the Global Peace Index. These were analyzed using nominal logistic regression in order to find the relationship between these variables. Findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between levels of peace and happiness. However, it also found that there were 10 countries that diverged from this trend. Upon further analysis of indicators of each index, results indicated that citizens in these countries have strong social support that enabled them to consider themselves happy despite the low state of peace in their respective nations, the factors of which vary from region to region and country to country.
Objective-led Impact Assessment on Organic Urban Gardening in Malaybalay City
Food security is affected by climate change since it is a climate-sensitive sector, especially in the Philippines, which is considered highly vulnerable country to climate change. Efforts to secure food in the country have been implemented by various sectors and organizations. Hence, the project on modeling organic production and enhancing climate resiliency in Malaybalay City. The study was undertaken to assess the adaptability and sustainability of organic urban gardening in enhancing climate resiliency among small-holder farmers and highlights lessons generated by the project collaborators. Data were collected through a pre and post evaluation scheme using a semi-structured questionnaire to determine community characteristics and needs before project implementation and the short-term impacts two years after the project implementation. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, frequencies, percentages, and means were used to analyze the data. The study was able to determine positive socio-economic characteristics and attitudes for the successful adoption of the project. The study revealed that the receiving community has a highly favorable attitude and willingness to adopt organic urban gardening for climate resiliency. Comparing the results of the pre-evaluation and the short-term impact assessment, it can be concluded that the community gained positive impacts due to the implementation of organic urban gardening or square-foot gardening for food security and climate resiliency by the project proponent. Social, economic, and environmental impacts were identified to have improved after project implementation. Thus, project scaling-up can be recommended.
Responsiveness Index for the Development of the 21st Century Competencies
The main objective of this study was to develop a responsiveness index to assess the development of the 21st century competencies in the higher education institutions in Philippine school systems. Specifically, it intended to identify the major dimensions of the responsiveness index and its key indicators, determine the optimal weight for each dimension and key indicators, determine the variables and its influence to the major dimensions, and validate the responsiveness index derived through a pilot sample. It was conducted in the Province of Bukidnon and its neighboring provinces of Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao City, and Lanao del Sur in school year 2014- 2015. The Delphi approach and other statistical tools were utilized to gather and analyze the data. Findings showed the four major dimensions of the 21st century skills. These are ways of thinking, ways of working, tools for working, and skills for living with respective key indicators. Optimal weights were also determined per dimension and its respective key indicators. It was also found that variables like age, gender, educational attainment, employment status, and employment agency influence the four dimensions. The responsiveness index was validated by 1000 student respondents coming from differentparts of the educational sector both public and private as well as different stakeholders and different professions using systematic random sampling. The developed responsiveness index is a systematic way to assess 21st century competencies and can be useful to teachers, school leaders, and educational policy makers in the teaching and development of 21st century abilities and competencies.
Exploring the Alternative Learning System Radio-based Instruction
A descriptive study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the ALS radio-based instruction broadcasted by dxBU of Bukidnon State University using the variables on curriculum, teaching/learning methods, monitoring and evaluation, instructional materials, learning environment and classroom environment, and ALS-RBI leadership and the feedback of the implementers, barangay Education Committee chairs, coordinators, specialists, supervisor, and learners. Using a researchers-made instrument with Cronbach alpha 0.90, the study found that all participants strongly agreed that the above variables are effectively implemented, with ANOVA showing no significant difference in the responses with consistent feedback among the participants. There were identified concerns which thus formed the recommendations of the study.
Copyright (c) 2018 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
This paper examined the socio-environmental factors that affect learning based on the concept that students learn best in a mutually supportive environment where they have contact with effective teachers. The main goal was to develop a learning model taking into consideration the underlying factors that affect optimum learning. The factors were [1] the average number of effective teachers per student, [2] amount of contact time between the students and effective teachers, and [3] the amount of time spent for studying per student. A simulation was done to imitate the real-life interaction between the students and effective teachers using the AIDS model from the NetLogo software - multi-agent programmable modeling environment. In the model, the virus was translated as 'effective teachers' and the infection caused by the virus as the 'learning gained' by the students. Results show that the average learning rate a student acquires is 84% when there is a [1] greater number of effective teachers a student is in contact with, and [2] high amount of study time, even if the student has a low amount of contact time with effective teachers. It proposed that when students are exposed to effective teachers at a high rate then these students are able to receive optimal learning.
Collaborative Skills of Pre-Service Teachers
This paper analyzed students' perception of collaborative skills. Students were asked which areas on collaborative skills they needed improvement on and the challenges they had experienced in working with others. One hundred forty-seven first year students from the pre-service teachers' program with majors in mathematics and physical sciences were selected as the participants of the study using the purposive sampling method. Aquestionnaire was used for data collection. This study applied the descriptive research design.Results of the study indicated that students developed some aspects of collaboration but there was an area needing enhancement. The collaboration skills developed among students were being sensitive in taking opinions from others, working in a positive environment, giving positive to one another in order to improve as a group, acknowledging the works of others with compliments', and understanding other's point of view. The area needing improvement were on communication and interaction skills in order to motivate other members to share their thoughts and ideas.
Copyright (c) 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Will Military Expenditure Secure National Peace and Spur Economic Growth?
Peace has been seen to be a great factor for economic development as claimed by literature. This study aimed to establish causal relationship between military expenditure and national state of peace and further determined the effect of national peace to economic growth using binary and nominal logistics regression. With the use of a statistical software, it generated four logits according to countries’ state of peace. Findings revealed that increasing military expenditures to those countries whose state of peace were high and very high did not further improve peacefulness. However, for those countries whose state of peace were very low, low, and medium, reducing or increasing the military expenditure will result to a deterioration or improvement in the level of state of peace. Thus, military budgets will be a crucial decision for developing countries but not for the developed and generally peaceful countries. Further, result showed that the state of peace of a country did not have significant effect on the economic growth in the following year. In conclusion, peacefulness and productivity cannot be directly realized in one or two years after the investment in military expenditures.
A Social Behavior Model for the Determination of Influences in Indigenous Peoples’ Acculturation
The study aimed to determine the parameters influencing the indigenous peoples' (IPs) acculturation using social behavior model. It demonstrates how another self is taken into account in one's acts, actions, or practices that affect acculturation. Using a 3-factorial design, the model suggests that acculturation is influenced by three aspects namely, the number of non-IPs in social contact with IPs, the length of social contact with non-IPs, and the length of time spent living in the IP community. Based on the results, it is most evident that having more number of social contacts with non-IPs, spending a longer time in social contact with non-IPs, and having lesser time living with IP community would result to high acculturation. On the other hand, having less number of social contacts with non-IPs, less time in social contact with non-IPs, and more time living with IP community indicate low acculturation. However, it revealed that more social contacts with non- IPs resulted to greater effect on acculturation. Further, the occurrence of acculturation lessened if IPs would live longer in their respective IP communities.
Corporate Practices on Capital Investment Decision Analysis: Their Contribution to Maximizing Company's Value
This study aimed to examine the practices on capital investment decision analysis and sought to determine whether capital investment decision analysis as a company practice has contributed to the improvement of shareholder’s value of selected corporations in Region 12. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze data on profile. Mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of the extent of companies’ practice on capital investment decision analysis and on the variables affecting capital investment decision making of companies and the contribution of the practices to company’s sales, net profit, and shareholder’s dividend. ANOVA and Pearson r were used in analyzing significant difference in the practice among industries and the significant association in the practice and companies’ years in corporation. Corporations in Region 12 practiced capital investment decision analysis/capital budgeting. Some companies followed the models specified in accounting text and some did not follow the models suggested by authorities but formulated their own processes. Companies ensured that proposals that were selected met the standards. In evaluating the investment the proposals, they relied more on and based their decision on qualitative factors. Although there were industries that were not benefited much by the practice on capital investment decision analysis, results show that on the average the practice had positive influence on company’s sales and profit and on the dividend received by the shareholders indicating enhanced company value. Corporate capital investment decision analysis or capital budgeting along the processes of generation of investment opportunities, project analysis and approval, implementation, monitoring and controlling, and post-implementation audit should be done and implemented by corporations for it can improve the company’s value.
Empirical Model for the Culture of Research in Basic Education
This study developed an empirical model that will build the culture of research in thebasic education. The study was mainly quantitative involving the collection of primary datafrom 400 basic education teachers intended to determine the dimensions of organizationalcharacteristics and culture of research using principal component analysis of exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA). After this, the impact of the organizational characteristics on theculture of research was identified using the multiple linear regression analysis (MLR).Exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were three dimensions of organizationalcharacteristics which included institutional support and reward system, strategy, andstructure. The culture of research was also revealed to have three dimensions including theallocation of knowledge and skills training and development and resources, maximizationof incentives and personal and professional opportunities, and integration of researchinto the school routine. Given that these dimensions are adopted and well implemented,the culture of research is highly likely to be built. The regression analysis disclosed thatthe three dimensions of the organizational characteristics were significant predictors ofthe culture of research in basic education with their linear combination for a very highvariation in the culture of research.
The Learning Experiences of Filipino Pre-service Teachers in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Program of a Thai Elementary School
Internationalization and ASEAN integration have led pre-service teachers to explore the world of teaching abroad where they experienced many learning opportunities and challenges in a foreign country. This study explored the learning experiences of Filipino pre-service teachers in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Program of Anubanchonburi School Thailand. The 17 participants ranging from 19-21 years old from Bukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines were interviewed, and eight of them attended the focus group discussion. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes of their learning experiences: (1) travel exposures; (2) pedagogical; (3) social and multicultural, (4) personal and professional; and (5) technological learning. The study provides insights to administrators, pre-service teaching supervisors, and educators to increase the opportunities for pre-service teachers to be exposed to a multicultural classroom and become globally competent. It presents avenues to forge stronger collaboration and partnerships with stakeholders in the country and abroad.
Self-efficacy, Study Habits and Teaching Strategies and its Influence on Student Science Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study
The focus of this study was to determine the influence of selfefficacy, study habits, and teaching strategies to student performance in Science of the junior high school students. The study utilized the descriptive research design examining the relationship of self-efficacy, study habits, and teaching strategies to science performance across grade levels. The results revealed that the overall science performance of the 323 sample respondents from Grades 7 to 10 is satisfactory. Varied teaching strategies in teaching science were experienced about half of the lessons by the students. There was significant differences in student’s performance in science and teaching strategies experienced among grade levels while no significant difference was found in the students’ study habits and self-efficacy. The overall rating on the study habits of the students was moderately good, and among the three variables, only self-efficacy could significantly influence the academic performance in science of the Junior High School students. It is recommended that an in-depth study to qualitatively determine the relationship of variables studied in this research be done.