Care Beyond Limitations: Lived Experiences of Non-specialized Nurse Practitioners Handling Breast Cancer Patients
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of breast cancer, coupled with the shortage of oncology nurses, places the responsibility of patient care on non-specialized nurse practitioners. Despite limited training and expertise, these nurses strive to address the multifaceted needs of breast cancer patients. This study explores the lived experiences of non-specialized nurse practitioners in providing care for breast cancer patients within various health settings in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. Employing a qualitative descriptive phenomenological research design, the study used purposive sampling to select seven (7) non-specialized nurse practitioners as participants. Data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, validated, and refined for accuracy. Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method guided the data coding process, while Van Manen’s lifeworld existential framework informed the analysis. Three themes emerged from the findings: (1) caring with caution, (2) caring with grit, and (3) caring with confidence. The results reveal that non-specialized nurse practitioners evolve through their experiences in breast cancer care, overcoming initial limitations and progressively building competence and confidence. Continuous patient interactions serve as a catalyst for professional growth, with experience becoming their greatest teacher. This study underscores the resilience and adaptability of non-specialized nurse practitioners and highlights the importance of providing targeted training and support to enhance their skills and confidence in managing complex cancer care.
Keywords:
non-specialized nurses, breast cancer, care services, lived experiences
References
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Aparicio, M., Centeno, C., Robinson, C., & Arantzamendi, M. (2018). Gratitude between patients, their families, and health professionals: A scoping review. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12579
Ariza-Heredia, E. J., & Chemaly, R. F. (2018). Update on infection control practices in cancer hospitals. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(5), 340–355. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21468
Banks, J., Lopez, V., Sahay, A., & Cleary, M. (2023). A scoping review of compassion fatigue among oncology nurses caring for adult patients. Cancer Nursing, 46(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1097/CN.0000000000000875
Blackburn, L. M., Thompson, K., Frankenfield, R., Harding, A., & Lindsey, A. (2020). The THRIVE© program: Building oncology nurse resilience through self-care strategies. On-cology Nursing Forum, 47(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1188/20.ONF.69-74
Callis, A. M. B. (2020). Application of the Roy adaptation theory to a care program for nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 56, 151340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151340
Cant, R. P., & Cooper, S. J. (2014). Simulation in the internet age: The place of web-based simulation in nursing education. Collegian, 21(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2013.04.004
Chan, R. J., Teleni, L., McDonald, S., Kelly, J., Mahony, J., Ernst, K., Patford, K., Townsend, J., Singh, M., & Yates, P. (2020). Breast cancer nursing interventions and clinical effective-ness: A systematic review. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 10(3), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-002018
Charlton, M., Schlichting, J., Chioreso, C., Ward, M., & Vikas, P. (2015). Challenges of rural cancer care in the United States. Oncology (Williston Park), 29(9), 633–640.
Chow, K., & Dahlin, C. (2018). Integration of palliative care and oncology nursing. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 34(3), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2018.06.007
Cohen, J., Dempsey, M., & Miller, S. (2016). The role of continuing education in oncology nurs-ing: A qualitative review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(3), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v6n3p45
Converso, D., Loera, B., Viotti, S., & Martini, M. (2015). Do positive relations with patients play a protective role for healthcare employees? Effects of patients’ gratitude and support on nurses’ burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00236
Cuthbertson, L., Lauder, W., Steele, M., & Cleary, S. (2020). Emotional resilience in the on-cology workforce: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(3), 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14266
Da Mata Tiezzi, M. F. B., de Andrade, J. M., Romão, A. P. M. S., Tiezzi, D. G., Lerri, M. R., Carrara, H. A. H., & Lara, L. A. S. (2017). Quality of life in women with breast can-cer treated with or without chemotherapy. Cancer Nursing, 40(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000376
Galassi, A., Anwarali, S., & Challinor, J. (2023). Global challenges and initiatives in oncol-ogy nursing education. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 12(3), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2023.02.15
Gill, F., & Duffy, A. (2015). Caring for cancer patients in non-specialist wards. British Journal of Nursing, 24(4), S24–S30. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.Sup4.S24
Gillman, L., Adams, J., Kovac, R., Kilcullen, A., House, A., & Doyle, C. (2015). Strategies to promote coping and resilience in oncology and palliative care nurses caring for adult patients with malignancy: A comprehensive systematic review. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 13(5), 131–204. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2006
Gillespie, M., Chaboyer, W., & Wallis, M. (2017). Developing confidence in nursing practice through exposure to oncology settings. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(1–2), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13462
Greta, G., Cummings, S., Lee, K., & Tate, K. (2018). The evolution of oncology nursing: Lead-ing the path to change. Oncology Nursing Forum, 28(4), 314–317.
Gyawali, B., Jalink, M., Effing, S. M. A., Dalgarno, N., Kolomitro, K., Thapa, N., & Berry, S. (2021). Oncology training programmes for general practitioners: A scoping review. ecan-cermedicalscience, 15, 1258. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2021.1258
Han, P., Duan, X., Jiang, J., Zeng, L., Zhang, P., & Zhao, S. (2023). Experience in the develop-ment of nurses’ personal resilience: A meta-synthesis. Nursing Open, 10(5), 2780–2792. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1573
Hines, S., Ramsbotham, J., & Coyer, F. (2015). The lived experiences of non-specialized nurses caring for oncology patients: A phenomenological study. Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing, 16(3), 27–34.
Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare (4th ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
Iheanacho, P. N., Opara, H. C., Ifezulumba, J. C., Omotola, N., Ingwu, J. A., & Anarado, A. N. (2022). Nurses’ perceived challenges in the management of hospitalized cancer patients in a comprehensive cancer center in Southeastern Nigeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 23(10), 3587–3593.
Johnson, L. M., & Davis, K. S. (2018). The role of oncology nurses in enhancing patient care outcomes. Journal of Oncology Nursing, 25(3), 112–125.
Kidayi, P. L., Manhica, H., Nakazzi, S., Mtuya, C. C., Aune, R. E., Serventi, F., Mahande, M. J., & Björling, G. (2023). “Caring for breast cancer patients is a work that brings sorrow”: A qualitative interview study with nurses in Tanzania. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Kim, E. Y., & Chang, S. O. (2022). Exploring nurse perceptions and experiences of resilience: A meta-synthesis study. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00824-w
Lindseth, A., & Norberg, A. (2004). A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00258.x
Liu, B., Liu, M., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Ma, Y., & Wei, X. (2022). Can patient gratitude expressions boost innovative performance? The role of work meaningfulness and supervisory support. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1024211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024211
Lubasch, J. S., Lee, S., Kowalski, C., Beckmann, M., Pfaff, H., & Ansmann, L. (2021). Hos-pital processes and the nurse-patient interaction in breast cancer care: Findings from a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158224
Malterud, K., Siersma, V. D., & Guassora, A. D. (2016). Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1753–1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
Maree, J. E., & Mulonda, J. K. (2017). Caring for patients with advanced breast cancer: The experiences of Zambian nurses. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 4(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.4103/2347-5625.199076
McKenna, L., Mambu, I. R., Sommers, C. L., Reisenhofer, S., & McCaughan, J. (2023). Nurses’ and nursing students’ reasons for entering the profession: Content analysis of open-ended questions. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01015-1
Mlambo, M., Silén, C., & McGrath, C. (2021). Lifelong learning and nurses’ continuing pro-fessional development: A metasynthesis of the literature. Nurse Education Today, 97, 104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104724
Nassar, Y. M., Eshah, N., Al-Maqableh, H. O., Nashwan, A. J., Rayan, A., & Alhawajreh, M. J. (2024). Workplace resilience and compassionate care among Jordanian private sector nurses. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 634. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01259-z
Nukpezah, R. N., Khoshnavay, F. F., Hasanpour, M., & Nasrabadi, A. N. (2020). Striving to reduce suffering: A phenomenological study of nurses’ experience in caring for children with cancer in Ghana. Nursing Open, 8(1), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.636
Nwozichi, C. U., Guino-O, T. A., Madu, A. M., Hormazábal-Salgado, R., Jimoh, M. A., & Arungwa, O. T. (2020). The troubled nurse: A qualitative study of psychoemotional effects of cancer care on nurses in a Nigerian cancer care setting. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 7(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_41_20
Opoku, E. N., Khuabi, L. A. J. N., & Van Niekerk, L. (2021). Exploring the factors that affect the transition from student to health professional: An integrative review. BMC Medical Education, 21, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02762-y
Paton, L., McAuliffe, L., & Tullis, R. (2016). Time-dependent learning in healthcare: Support-ing novice nurses in critical care units. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(2), 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12338
Salinda, M. T., Lauro, J. P., Dancil, V. M., Cañete, G. S., & Quijencio, W. D., Jr. (2021). Caring for cancer patients: Lived experiences of oncology nurses. Globus: An International Jour-nal of Medical Science, Engineering & Technology, 10(2), 58–65.
Sexton, M., Pennebaker, J., & Brooker, R. (2019). Managing emotional labor in oncology nurs-ing: Coping with patient loss and burnout. Nursing Inquiry, 26(1), e12320. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12320
Shan, J., Lv, S., Li, T., Wang, S., Zhang, C., & Li, J. (2022). Experiences of oncology nurses car-ing for patients with solid-tumor bone metastasis: A qualitative study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 60, 102196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102196
Sherman, D. W., Haber, J., & Friedman, L. (2015). The longitudinal impact of oncology care on nurse-patient relationships. Cancer Nursing, 38(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000154
Shewbridge, A., Meade, E., & Dowling, M. (2024). Treatment and management of the clinical manifestations of advanced breast cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 40(1), 151549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151549
Shinners, J., Ireland, A., & Golemboski, K. (2016). The journey from novice to expert: Skills acquisition in the clinical setting. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 47(9), 407–412. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20160817-08
Stewart, M., Hughes, M., & Norton, C. (2019). The impact of time on clinical decision-making and critical thinking in nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(15–16), 2873–2883. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14800
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Published
2024-12-30
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Copyright holder is the Bukidnon State University.
